How to Design a Catapult

How to Design a Catapult

A catapult is a medieval military weapon which was used to fire large missiles, such as stones and rocks, at the enemy and was designed using a high level of mathematical and engineering skill. Catapults all follow basically the same design, but can vary in size. You can customize your catapult design by including color and decorative touches such as metal studs.

Instructions

    1

    Sketch rough ideas. Be creative and sketch the basic framework or pedestal for the catapult. The catapult must have specific elements for it to be functional such as a movable solid frame, a front cross bar, vertically placed at a 90 degree angle from the horizontal base, to block the motion of the launched arm sling so to propel the missile into the air at a 45 degree angle; an arm sling which must rotate on a tension axis and a roller or spindle device for which the sling arm is attached to and released. The catapult frame looks like a combination of a walking frame and a go-cart with a firing pendulum arm.

    2

    Select a sketch. Re-draw the rough idea on to a new page, making a larger and more accurate drawing, revising if necessary with new ideas until you have drawn the basic design for your catapult. Write brief notes next to specific areas to indicate possible materials to be used to make the catapult.

    3

    Add color. You might want to add decorative detail into your catapult design to make it unique or just add plain color to make it look like an authentic medieval catapult. Consider adding texture, such as a rope binding or metallic studs to add more distinctive features.



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How to Build an Egg Catapult

How to Build an Egg Catapult

A well-designed egg catapult can be a simple, yet effective tool. The egg catapult is a fixture in many physics and basic science classes. Teachers may assign the building of a catapult as an individual or group project. Often, the resulting catapult is scored not only on how well it works but also on the creativity and originality of the designer. Therefore, creating your own design is recommended. But if all else fails, or if you need some inspiration, patterns and instructions are available.

Instructions

    1

    Start with a 2-foot-long piece of wooden 2-by-4.

    2

    Attach a small metal hinge approximately 6 inches from one end of the wood. Use screws to secure it in place. Face the hinge so it opens toward the opposite end of the wood block.

    3

    Attach the other side of the hinge to a wooden spoon. Screw the hinge to the end of the spoon's handle so the spoon lies on the board face down.

    4

    Nail a large rubber band to the board approximately 6 inches from the end of the board opposite the hinge. Use a couple of U-shaped nails to secure the rubber band.

    5

    Place the loose end of the rubber band around the cup of the spoon. When the spoon is pulled back on the hinge, the rubber band will snap the spoon forward, creating a catapult.



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How to Make a Big Catapult

Armies of the Middle Ages used catapults as siege weapons, launching projectiles such as rocks, barrels of burning pitch and even beehives at enemy towns and fortifications. There were many different kinds of catapult, but one of the most common was the counterweight catapult or trebuchet, which used a heavy weight to swing its long throwing arm. The basic mechanical principles of the counterweight catapult are simple, meaning you can make your own using common materials.

Instructions

    1

    Draw a plan for your trebuchet. The main components of the catapult are the throwing arm, a counterweight at one end and a pouch at the other end to help launch the projectile. The swing arm rotates on an axle which is supported by a wooden frame. The exact shape of the frame will vary depending on the size of the catapult. If you're looking for inspiration, examine the catapult plans available online at the Storm the Castle website.

    2

    Cut the parts of the frame and swing arm from wood using a saw. You will need a set of base pieces to support the catapult, two uprights to hold the axle, a swing arm, three cross pieces, and two supports to brace the uprights. The swing arm should be one-third longer than your base pieces. For example, if a base piece is two feet, the swing arm should be 32 inches. The uprights should be five-sixths the length of the base, with the cross pieces about one-half the length of the uprights.

    3

    Attach one upright to each base piece at right angles by screwing or nailing them together. The uprights should be three quarters of the way down the length of the base piece, toward the front end. Cut grooves in the base pieces to slot the uprights into before screwing them in. Attach supports to brace the uprights, which will be taking the strain of the launch.

    4

    Screw or nail the cross pieces to the base sections, one at each end and one between the uprights.

    5

    Choose a length of metal pipe to be your axle. It should be slightly longer than the space between the uprights.

    6

    Drill a hole through the throwing arm, one quarter of its length from the forward end. Drill two more holes, one on either side of the first. These should be about one-sixteenth of the length of the arm apart.

    7

    Drill two more holes near the tops of the uprights, making sure they line up. Push the axle through the hole in one upright, through the hole in the throwing arm, and then through the hole in the opposite upright.

    8

    Insert a screw hook into the forward end of the throwing arm and attach a rope to it. The counterweight will hang from this rope. If you use a bucket or other container for the counterweight, you can add or remove weight to adjust the range.

    9

    Hammer a nail into the head end of the throwing arm and bend it so it has a slight curve. Insert a screw hook into the underside of the head.

    10

    Cut a sling pouch out of cloth or leather. Attach a short length of rope to either end of the pouch. Make a loop from wire and fasten it to one of the ropes, then slide the loop over the nail. Tie the other end of the rope securely to the screw hook.

    11

    Put your projectile into the pouch. Push the head end of the throwing arm down, which will raise the counterweight, then release it. The throwing arm should whip forward, launching the projectile.



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How to Build a Catapult


Catapult, also known as a slingshot, is an aim-and-shoot device. It is less powerful than a pistol, but it can seriously injure someone or kill small animals and birds. It is a great weapon to keep an enemy at bay. A variety of things lying in your house can be used to make a catapult. Here's how you can do it.

Instructions

  1. Remove bark from a "Y"-shaped piece of wood.
  2. Sand off bumps or sharp edges from the wood so it becomes smooth.
  3. Dry the wood. Cut two big rubber bands to have two lengths of strong elastic material. Each of these lengths forms side-band of the catapult.
  4. Use smaller rubber bands to secure one end of the cut rubber band to an arm of the Y-shaped wood. Use multiple rubber bands to secure it properly. Do the same for other side of the catapult.
  5. Make a sling or a pocket in which to hold the projectile. Cut the piece of soft leather. The sling should taper down the ends and be widest in the middle.
  6. Take smaller rubber bands to connect one end of the sling with loose end of one of the catapult bands. Use multiple rubber bands, if required.
  7. Attach the other end of the sling to the second end of the catapult. Use smaller rubber bands to do so.
  8. Test your catapult. Hold the handle of the catapult in front of you, load a pebble or a small object in the sling. Pull the sling back as far as possible, aim and release it to see the projectile being hurled away.

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